{"id":12780,"date":"2024-09-05T16:36:59","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T15:36:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.qualitycompanyformations.co.uk\/blog\/?p=12780"},"modified":"2024-11-08T13:04:53","modified_gmt":"2024-11-08T13:04:53","slug":"tax-on-business-expenses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.qualitycompanyformations.co.uk\/blog\/tax-on-business-expenses\/","title":{"rendered":"Do I pay tax on my business expenses?"},"content":{"rendered":"
When running any type of business in the UK, most or all of the expenses you incur may be tax-deductible. You can claim allowable business expenses on your tax returns by deducting the costs from your gross income. This reduces your taxable profits, which in turn lowers your tax bill. You can also claim capital allowances and recover the VAT you\u2019ve paid on business purchases.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n We discuss what business expenses you can claim when you’re self-employed or trading as a limited company. We also explain how to claim allowable expenses on your Self Assessment tax return or Company Tax Return.<\/p>\n Business expenses are any costs relating to the purchase of physical items or services needed to run your business. These may be expenses paid by the business (e.g. through the business bank account) or costs that you or your employees incur personally and later claim back from the business.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n HMRC\u2019s general rule is that any business expenses you claim must be \u201cwholly and exclusively\u201d for the purposes of your trade, profession, or vocation. This means that you can\u2019t deduct the cost of expenditure that has an element of personal use. However, in some instances, you can claim tax relief on the business element of dual-purpose expenses.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Whether you\u2019re self-employed or trading through a limited company, you can offset business expenses by deducting them from your profits before tax. This means that you don’t pay tax on all or most of your business expenses. For example:<\/p>\n If you\u2019re self-employed, you claim expenses on your Self Assessment tax return, which reduces your Income Tax and National Insurance liabilities. If you trade through a company, you claim most expenses on your Company Tax Return to reduce your Corporation Tax bill.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Below, we outline the common business expenses on which you can claim tax relief.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Pre-trading expenses are the startup costs you incur before you commence trading. These are tax-deductible if they satisfy the following two conditions:<\/p>\n If the costs satisfy both conditions, you can count pre-trading expenses as incurred on the first day you start trading.<\/p>\n These types of costs typically include things like laptops and computers, website fees and domain names, legal and accountancy fees, stock and materials, and office supplies. Unfortunately, company formation costs are one of the expenses you can\u2019t claim against tax.<\/p>\n Are company startup costs tax deductible?<\/span><\/a>\n \n Business owners often use their own money for pre-trading expenditures. You should keep a record and receipts of everything you purchase and then claim back through Self Assessment (if you\u2019re self-employed) or as a reimbursement from the company.<\/p>\n Whether you rent or purchase commercial premises or run your business from home, you can claim general office costs as business expenses. These include stationery, printing costs, postage, phone bills, broadband, and other consumable office supplies.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n If you use your personal phone and home broadband for your business, you can only claim the business-related elements of these costs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Allowable expenses relating to business premises include rent on commercial premises, business rates<\/a>, mortgage interest on commercial property, water rates, utility bills, property insurance, security, and using your home as an office (more on this later).<\/p>\n These business expenses include fuel, parking, congestion charges, vehicle insurance, vehicle repairs and maintenance, and public transportation fares. However, you cannot claim travel costs for commuting between your home and place of business.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n If you take business trips, you can also claim accommodation expenses and the cost of food and drinks.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Staff wages, subcontractor costs, and directors\u2019 salaries are all tax-deductible business expenses. This includes any employer\u2019s National Insurance contributions (NIC) you have to pay. You may also be able to claim the Employment Allowance<\/a> to reduce your employers’ NIC contributions by up to \u00a35,000 per year (2024-25 tax year) or \u00a310,500 per year (from 6 April 2025 onwards).<\/p>\n Allowable clothing expenses include uniforms, protective clothing you need for your job, and costumes if you\u2019re an actor or entertainer. You can\u2019t claim tax relief for everyday clothing, even if you buy it for the sole purpose of wearing it for work.<\/p>\n You can claim tax relief on costs relating to goods you buy for resale (stock), raw materials, and direct costs you incur from producing goods.<\/p>\n You can\u2019t claim for any goods or materials you buy for private use, nor for the depreciation of equipment.<\/p>\n Legal, accountancy and other professional fees usually count as allowable business expenses. You can claim tax relief on costs for:<\/p>\n However, you can\u2019t claim for legal costs relating to the purchase of property or fines you incur for breaking the law.<\/p>\n There are several business-related financial costs you can also offset against your profits to reduce your tax bill, including:<\/p>\n However, be aware that you can only claim up to \u00a3500 in interest and bank charges if you use cash-basis accounting. Further, you can\u2019t claim for repayments of loans, overdrafts, or finance arrangements.<\/p>\n If you use traditional (accrual) accounting, you can claim tax relief on \u2018bad debts\u2019. These are customer debts that you’ve had to write off because you are certain they won’t be recovered in the future.<\/p>\n Training costs, professional development, and professional subscriptions are all tax-deductible business expenses if they relate to your occupation, industry, or business-related responsibilities.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n These include:<\/p>\n However, you can\u2019t claim for courses that help you start a new business (e.g. retraining) or expand into new areas of business that aren\u2019t directly related to your current trade.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Goods and services you buy that relate to your advertising, marketing, and PR activities are all tax-deductible, provided you use them exclusively for business purposes. Examples include:<\/p>\n These may be one-off costs or recurring expenses.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n You can claim employee entertainment costs<\/a> if it\u2019s an annual event, open to all staff members, and costs less than \u00a3150 per person. However, you can\u2019t claim for expenses relating to event hospitality or entertaining clients, suppliers, and customers.<\/p>\n These types of expenses are called capital expenditures. You can\u2019t deduct the costs as business expenses, but you can claim capital allowances instead. We discuss this later in the post.<\/p>\n Many small business owners are unaware that they can claim expenses for using their home as an office or workspace. If you run your business from home all or part of the time, you can claim a proportion of your household costs as business expenses, such as:<\/p>\n You can calculate your working-from-home expenses based on the number of rooms in the property and the number of hours you spend in a particular room for business purposes.<\/p>\n Business rates when running a business from home<\/span><\/a>\n \n Alternatively, if you’re self-employed, you can use simplified expenses<\/a> instead. This method provides a flat rate of up to \u00a326 per month. Simplified expenses are also available for vehicles and when you live at your business premises (e.g. if you run a guesthouse).<\/p>\n Capital allowances<\/a> are business tax reliefs that allow you to deduct some or all of the value of capital expenditures from your business profits before tax. In most cases, you can deduct the full cost using the annual investment allowance (AIA)<\/a>.<\/p>\n You can claim capital allowances on plant and machinery you buy and keep to use in your business, which include:<\/p>\n If you rent out residential property, you can also claim capital allowances on items to be used in the rental property if:<\/p>\n If you use traditional accounting<\/a>, you can claim capital allowances when you buy items\u00a0<\/span>to use in your business. In most cases, you can deduct the full cost of capital expenditure items using the annual investment allowance (AIA)<\/a>.<\/p>\n However, if you\u2019re self-employed with a business income of \u00a3150,000 or less per year, you may be able to use the cash basis<\/a> instead. This system is more straightforward than claiming capital allowances.<\/p>\n Self-employed people and individuals earning casual income on the side are entitled to a \u00a31,000 tax-free allowance on property or trading income<\/a>. If you use either of these allowances, you cannot also claim expenses or capital allowances, nor can you use the Rent a Room Scheme.<\/p>\n It\u2019s not uncommon for business owners to purchase and use items for both business and private reasons, such as mobile phones, broadband, computers, and trips.<\/p>\n Since you can only claim allowable expenses for the business element of such costs, you need to identify and determine the proportion of the expenditure related to the business. For example:<\/p>\n There are some dual-purpose expenses where the business and private elements cannot be separated (e.g. certain clothing or meals). In these instances, you can’t claim any proportion of the cost as a business expense.<\/p>\n The cost of any vehicle you buy for your business is a capital allowance rather than an allowable business expense.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n If you are self-employed and also use your car for private purposes, you must determine how much you can claim based on the proportion of business use.<\/p>\n However, if you provide a car to an employee or director through your business, you can claim capital allowances on the total cost of the vehicle.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Cars don\u2019t qualify for the annual investment allowance, super-deduction, full expensing, or 50% first-year allowances. You need to use writing down allowances<\/a> to work out how much you can claim.<\/p>\n As a self-employed sole trader or partner, you must keep meticulous records of all business income and expenses for your tax return. After the end of the tax year, add up all of your allowable business expenses for that period and enter the total amount in your Self Assessment tax return<\/a>.<\/p>\n You don\u2019t need to include proof of your expenses when you submit the return. However, you should keep your records for at least 6 years after the end of the tax year to which they relate. This will ensure you have everything you need if HMRC asks to see your records.<\/p>\n Remember to file your Self Assessment tax return by 31 January<\/span><\/a>\n 6 common Self Assessment tax return mistakes and how to avoid them<\/span><\/a>\n Self Assessment guidance for company directors and shareholders<\/span><\/a>\n <\/p>\n The Self Assessment system will deduct your expenses from your taxable profits. This means you won\u2019t have to pay any Income Tax or National Insurance contributions on those particular costs.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n You can also claim capital allowances in your Self Assessment tax return or Partnership Tax Return. If you use writing down allowances, you can claim at any time as long as you still own the item. However, if you use any of the other capital allowances, you must claim them during the accounting period in which you purchased the item.<\/p>\n Contact HMRC\u2019s Self Assessment helpline<\/a> if you\u2019re unsure whether a business cost is an allowable expense or capital allowance that you can claim.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Limited company accounting is generally more complex. To claim allowable expenses and capital allowances, you must deduct the costs from your profits before tax when preparing your company\u2019s annual accounts.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n You need to submit a copy of the accounts with your Company Tax Return (form CT600), along with computations showing how the figures in the return have been derived from the figures in the accounts. If you\u2019re claiming capital allowances, you must include a separate calculation in the return.<\/p>\n Preparing a Company Tax Return – a simple guide<\/span><\/a>\n Preparing annual accounts for your limited company<\/span><\/a>\n How Corporation Tax works<\/span><\/a>\n <\/p>\n When filing your Company Tax Return, you work out your profit or loss for Corporation Tax (this is different from the profit or loss in your accounts) and your Corporation Tax bill. Your Corporation Tax liability is based on your taxable profits after deducting all expenses, allowances, reliefs, and losses.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Depending on your profit level, your company will pay Corporation Tax at a rate between 19% and 25%. You must pay your bill no later than 9 months after the end of the Corporation Tax accounting period that it relates to. Your tax return is due 12 months after the end of the accounting period.<\/p>\nAllowable business expenses you can claim<\/span><\/h3>\n
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1. Pre-trading expenses<\/h4>\n
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2. General office supplies<\/h4>\n
3. Business premises\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n
4. Travel and subsistence costs\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n
5. Staff costs\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n
6. Clothing expenses\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n
7. Stock and materials<\/h4>\n
8. Legal and financial costs<\/h4>\n
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9. Training costs and professional subscriptions\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n
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10. Advertising, marketing and PR expenses<\/h4>\n
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11. Entertainment costs<\/h4>\n
12. Equipment and machinery expenses\u00a0<\/span><\/h4>\n
If you use your home as an office<\/h3>\n
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Business costs you can claim as capital allowances<\/h3>\n
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If you claim the \u00a31,000 trading or property allowance<\/h3>\n
Dual purpose expenditure\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n
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Using vehicles outside your business<\/strong><\/h4>\n
How to claim business expenses if you\u2019re self-employed<\/h3>\n
How to claim business expenses as a limited company<\/h3>\n
Can I reclaim VAT paid on business expenses?<\/h3>\n