How to pay yourself through a limited company

You must adhere to certain rules and restrictions when you pay yourself through a limited company. Your company is a legal ‘person’ in its own right, which means that it’s financially independent of its directors and shareholders. Consequently, you cannot use company funds as your own unless you pay yourself through appropriate means. Until then, any money that your company receives belongs to the business, not you.

The most tax-efficient and widely used form of remuneration is a combination of a director’s salary and dividend payments. This strategy is possible if you are both a director and shareholder of your company, which is commonplace in most small firms.

Directors are classed as employees for tax purposes, whilst shareholders are classed as investors. This means that any person who is a director and shareholder of their own limited company can pay themselves a regular director’s salary and then top up their income with dividend payments from shares.

We discuss this in more detail below, so you should have a basic understanding of your options by the end of the post. That being said, we always recommend seeking professional advice from an accountant.

Paying yourself a director’s salary

Just like employees’ wages, your director’s salary is a tax-deductible business expense. This means that your salary is paid before accounting for Corporation Tax on company profits, so your company won’t be liable to tax on whatever amount you take.

To pay yourself a director’s salary, you will need to register your company as an employer and operate PAYE (Pay As You Earn) as part of your payroll. You can take your annual salary through PAYE at regular intervals, such as weekly, fortnightly, or monthly.

You won’t pay any tax or employee Class 1 National Insurance contributions (NICs) on the part of your salary that falls within your tax-free Personal Allowance (PA). Most people are entitled to the standard PA of £12,570, but this allowance gradually reduces when annual income exceeds £100,000.

If you earn more than £12,570, the company will deduct Income Tax and National Insurance from your earnings, which HMRC will collect through PAYE. The company will also pay employer (secondary) Class 1 National Insurance on your salary earnings above the current NIC Secondary Threshold of £5,000 per year.

To pay yourself through a limited company in the most tax-efficient manner, you may wish to consider one of the following three director’s salary options.

1. A salary of £12,570 per year

Some directors choose to take a salary up to the NIC Primary Threshold. This is £12,570 for the 2025/26 tax year – the same as the standard Personal Allowance.

You won’t have to pay any Income Tax or employee NICs on your salary. However, the company will be liable to pay secondary National Insurance contributions on the portion of salary income between £5,000 and £12,570.

2. A salary of £5,000 per year

Another popular option is to take a salary up to the Secondary Threshold of £5,000, which results in no Income Tax, employee NICs, or employer NIC deductions.

However, with this level of salary, you won’t receive National Insurance credits. This may affect your access to contributory benefits, including the State Pension, unless you make voluntary contributions or pay NICs through another job.

3. A salary of £6,500 per year

This is the smallest salary you can pay yourself in order to receive National Insurance credits without actually paying NICs. You won’t pay any Income Tax either. However, the company will be liable to employer NICs on the portion of salary above £5,000.

If you take a salary of less than £6,500, which is the NIC Lower Earnings Limit for 2025/26, you’ll need to make voluntary Class 3 National Insurance contributions to get access to contributory benefits. The current rate of Class 3 NICs is £17.75 per week.

Paying Income Tax and National Insurance on a director’s salary

If you live in England, Wales, or Northern Ireland, you will pay the following rates of Income Tax on your director’s salary in the 2025/26 tax year:

• Personal Allowance: 0% on annual income up to £12,570 (if applicable)
• Basic rate: 20% up to £50,270
• Higher rate: 40% between £50,271 and £125,140
• Additional rate: 45% above £125,140

If you live in Scotland, you will pay the following rates of Scottish Income Tax on your director’s salary in the 2025/26 tax year:

• Personal Allowance rate: 0% on annual income up to £12,570 (if applicable)
• Starter rate: 19% up to £15,397
• Basic rate: 20% between £15,398 and £27,491
• Intermediate rate: 21% between £27,492 and £43,662
• Higher rate: 42% between £43,663 and £75,000
• Advanced rate: 45% between £75,001 and £125,140
• Top rate: 48% from £125,141

You will not be eligible for the Personal Allowance if your annual income is £125,140 or more. This is because your Personal Allowance will decrease by £1 for every £2 of adjusted net income above £100,000.

The Class 1 employee National Insurance contributions that you will pay on a director’s salary are:

• 8% on earnings above the Primary Threshold up to and including the Upper Earnings Limit of £50,270 per year (£967 per week, £4,189 per month)
• 2% on the balance of your earnings above the Upper Earnings Limit

The company will also pay 15% employer NICs on your director’s salary income above the Secondary Threshold, which is currently £5,000 per year (£96 per week, £417 per month).

However, if your company is eligible for the Employment Allowance, you can reduce your employer NIC liability by up to £10,500 in the year.

Taking shareholder dividends

Dividends are paid to shareholders from limited company profits after Corporation Tax has been deducted. Unlike salaries, they cannot be counted as a tax-free business expense. This means that you can only issue dividends if the company has remaining profits after accounting for Corporation Tax.

If there is no surplus income after deducting running costs, salaries and wages, and business taxes, you cannot pay yourself dividends. Any such payments would be classed as illegal dividends.

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Given that a company’s profits will fluctuate, you can choose to issue dividends on a fixed schedule, like salary payments, or on an ad-hoc basis when the company has sufficient surplus cash to justify dividends.

Many company owners choose to reinvest at least some of their trading profits in the business, rather than taking all excess money as dividend payments. It is also sometimes beneficial to leave surplus cash in your company until a future tax year, for example, to avoid going into a higher Income Tax band.

Paying tax on dividends

A common misconception is that dividend income is tax-free. This is incorrect. Whilst shareholders do get a £500 tax-free dividend allowance in the 2025/26 tax year, they are legally required to pay tax on dividend income above that amount.

Dividend income above £500 is subject to the following tax rates, which are based on your Income Tax band:

• 8.75% – basic rate
• 33.75% – higher rate
• 39.35% – additional rate

To work out how much dividend tax you need to pay, you must calculate your total annual income from all sources, including your director’s salary, dividend payments, and any other taxable income you receive.

Depending on how much you earn in a tax year, you may not have any dividend tax to pay, or you may have to pay one or more of the above rates.

These dividend tax rates and thresholds apply to taxpayers in all UK nations, including Scotland. However, the tax does not apply to dividends from shares in an ISA.

As a company shareholder, you are responsible for declaring this income to HMRC by filing a Self Assessment tax return. If you’ve not already done so, you’ll first need to register for Self Assessment.

Directors’ loans

Directors can also withdraw money from a limited company by way of a director’s loan. This applies when you take money from a company that is not:

• your director’s salary
• dividend payments
• reimbursement of expenses
• money that you have already paid into the company
• money that you lend to the company

If you borrow money from (or lend money to) your company in the form of a director’s loan, you must keep a record of the transactions in a director’s loan account.

You may be liable to tax on a director’s loans. Your company may also have to pay tax if you are a shareholder and director. It depends on whether the loan account is overdrawn (you owe money to the company) or in credit (the company owes you money), and for how long.

Thanks for reading

We hope this post has been helpful. As always, we recommend speaking to an accountant for professional advice tailored to your individual circumstances.

Please leave a comment below if you have any questions, or get in touch with our London-based team if you’d like to speak to us about setting up a limited company or purchasing our services.